Tool for making quick assembly coupling

ABSTRACT

AN EXPANDING-OUT TOOL AND METHOD EMPLOYS A MANDREL FOR FORMING WALL DIMPLES IN A TUBULAR COUPLING MEMBER FOR RETAINING A COLLAR NUT IN AN OPERATING POSITION THEREON. ALSO A MANDREL USING METHOD IS EMPLOYED FOR EXPANSIONSHAPING TUBULAR COUPLING MEMBERS AND FOR SECURING THEM BY EXPANSION FORCE APPLICATION WITH RESPECT TO OTHER HOLLOW COUPLING PARTS OR MEMBERS.

C. E. RICKARD TOOL FOR MAKING QUICK ASSEMBLY COUPLING 4 Sheets-Sheet 1Feb. 23, 1971 Original Filed March 8, 1965 Fig. 6

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INVENTOR.

'of o lod h lob B '0 c/ydaE. Ric/mrd l u" Iza 2,2Ll2b fwnjawb H/sArron/vers Feb. 23, 1971 C, E. RlCKARD 3,564,897

TOOL FOR MAKING QUICK ASSEMBLY COUPLING Original Filed MarCh 8, 1965 4Sheets-Sheet 2 v INVENTOR. k ,Y Clyde E Rickard HAS` A T TOR/VE' YS Feb.23, 1971 Q E RjCKARD 3,564,897

TOOL FOR MAKING QUICK ASSEMBLY COUPLING Original Filed March R, 1965 4Sheets-Sheet S INVENTOR. Clyde E Rickard H/S ATTORNEYS Feb. 23, 197 C ERlCKARD 3,564,897

TOOL FOR MAKING QUICK ASSEMBLY COUPLING Original Filed March 8, 1965 4Sheets-Sheet 4.

A" MbE G y? INVENTOIL C/ydal E Rickard HAS` ATTOR/VEYS United StatesPatent Office 3,564,897 TOOL FOR MAKING QUICK ASSEMBLY COUPLING Clyde E.Rickard, Du Bois, Pa., assgnor to McDowell Manufacturing Company,Millvale, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Original application Mar.8, 1965, Ser. No. 437,709, now Patent No. 3,461,544, dated Aug. 19,1969. Divided and this application Feb. 28, 1969, Ser. No. 803,382 Int.Cl. B21d 39/04, 39/08 U.S. Cl. 72-393 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE An expanding-out tool and method employs a mandrel forforming wall dimples in a tubular coupling member for retaining a collarnut in an operating position thereon. Also a mandrel using method isemployed for expansionshaping tubular coupling members and for securingthem by expansion force application with respect to other hollowcoupling parts or members.

This invention relates to a fluid coupling and particularly, to acoupling for quickly connecting and disconnecting pipe members orsections which will provide a highly effective sealed joint, is flexiblein its utilization, and can be easily manipulated by hand. A phase ofthe invention deals with procedure for making an improved coupling.

This application is a division of my application Ser. No. 437,709 ofMar. 8, 1965 and entitled Procedure for Making Quick Assembly Coupling,now Pat. No. 3,461,544.

The coupling of the present invention is of a type suitable fortemporary and semi-permanent pipeline connections, and may be termed anindustrial type. In this connection, there has been a need for animproved coupling whose parts cannot be lost or mislaid, in the sensethat they are carried by end portions of the pipe members, that will beadaptable to uneven contours, that will permit assembly and disassemblywithout axiallyaligning the pipe members and, importantly, that issuitable for relatively thin-wall pipe or tubing members, that willprovide a better securing of its parts on the pipe members, and thatwill assure a safe and secure joint for high pressure utilizations, suchas in the neighborhood of up to about 600 p.s.i. lI have been able todevise an improved coupling to meet this need and have developed animproved procedure for making it.

It has been an object of my invention to provide an inexpensive, strongand foolproof coupling of improved characteristics and of simplified andbetter construction;

Another object has been to devise a procedure for making a fluidcoupling that utilizes the adjacent end portions of pipe members ortubing sections that are to be joined or connected together, whichprovides reinforcing for such end portions, and whose parts have animproved, secure and foolproof mounted relation with end portions of thepipe members;

A further object has been to devise an improved procedure for making acoupling joint which can be assembled and disassembled by hand in amatter of seconds, and irrespective of a full axial alignment of thepipe members being joined;

A still further object has been to provide improved procedure for makinga coupling construction;

These and other objects of my invention will appear to those skilled inthe art from the following description, the drawings and appendedclaims.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view in elevation and partial 3,564,897Patented Feb. 23, 1971 section illustrating a coupling construction ofmy invention with its parts in a coupled relationship;

FIGS. 2 to 7 are fragmental side sections in elevation illustratingsteps employed in forming a short length of pipe or tubing into acoupling housing body;

FIGS. 8 to 13, inclusive, are side section views in elevationillustrating steps employed in mounting the coupling housing body ofFIG. 7 on the end portion of a pipe member, and shows how the housingbody is secured in a permanently mounted relation wherein it projectsforwardly as an integral part of and in a reinforcing mountedrelationship on the end portion of the pipe member;

FIGS. 14 to 17, inclusive, are side sections in elevation illustratingstep by step procedure in forming a coupling tube or nose end portion ona pipe member for reinforcing such end portion;

FIGS. 18 and 19 are side sectional views in elevation illustrating thepositioning of a coupling collar or sleeve nut on the coupling nose ortube end portion of a pipe member, and procedure involved in formingretaining means in the nature of dimples or radial offsets in the endportion that cooperate with a re-entrant shoulder of the coupling noseor tube end for maintaining the coupling nut in an operating position onthe pipe member.

Referring particularly to FIG. l of the drawings, my couplingconstruction is shown securely connecting adjacent end portions of apair of pipe or tubing members A and A in a secure and positive,fluid-sealed-off relationship with each other. In this connection, I mayprovide one end portion of each pipe member with a forwardly-projectingcoupling housing body B and the opposite end portion of the same pipemember, or the adjacent end portion of an adjacent pipe member A' thatis to be connected therewith, with a coupling nose or tube end G. Thecoupling permits an axially-pivotal or as'kew relationship between theadjacent end portions of the pipe members A and A when they are beingconnected and disconnected and assures a fluid sealed-off relation evenwhen they are coupled together in this relation, as well as when theyare coupled together in a longitudinally-axially aligned relation witheach other.

In FIG. l, I have shown a coupling collar or nut D which is providedwith an external or male threaded portion having relatively coarsethreads which are adapted to engage with complementary female threads onthe inside of the housing body B. The connection between the housingbody `B and the end portion of the pipe member A is reinforced by aninner thickened sleeve or ring part C, while the nose or coupling tubeend G of the pipe member A is reinforced by an inner thickened ring orsleeve part E. A U-shaped resilient annular gasket F of a suitable resinmaterial, such as nylon, is adapted to be carried Within an innerperipheral recess or banding portion of the housing body B and, in sucha manner, that it is always in a ready position to engage the nose ortube end portion of the adjacent pipe member A' to define a fluid sealtherewith. The fluid-sealing action is increased proportionately to thefluid pressure, since fluid ows within the inner chamber defined byopposed legs or sealing lips of the gasket F when fluid pressure isapplied, to spread such legs into tight sealing-engagement betweenopposed cylindrical surfaces of the housing body B and the tube end G.

In providing the housing body B, as shown in FIG. 2, I may make use of arelatively heavy or thick-walled, short-length tube of cylindricalmember 10. In the first operation illustrated in FIG. 3, the wall of theforward open end portion of the tube member 10 is expanded-out toprovided a radially-outwardly-offest cylindrical forward open endportion 10a and a re-entrant shoulder 3 10b connecting it with theadjacent unexpanded cylindrical back end portion thereof of smallerdiameter.

In the second step as illustrated in FIG. 4, I roll-in aradially-inwardly projecting annular groove portion 10d in abackwardly-spaced relation with the re-entrant shoulder portion 10b toprovide an intermediate cylindrical portion 10c of the same diameter asthe original member 10 and thus of the back end portion. In the nextoperation illustrated in FIG. 5 the forward end portion 10e of theenlarged or expanded portion a is turned inwardly in a preliminarymanner.

In the final operation illustrated in FIG. 6 the portion 10e islengthened and forced inwardly-backwardly along the portion 10a toprovide a cylindrical inside fold portion 10h and a double-wallthickness. As illustrated the portion 10h is provided by turning-in theend portion 10e and flattening it against the inner periphery of theporn tion 10a. This produces a radially-outwardly inclined end portion10f that is connected to the cylindrical portion 10a and a roundedabutment or flange end portion 10g that is connected between theinclined portion 10f and the doubled-under cylindrical portion 10h.

In the operation of FIG. 7 female threads are cut along the portion 10hand groove portions 11, 12, and 13 are formed, as by machining, withinthe inner periphery of the wall of the member 10 to define annularbanding grooves. As will be noted from FIG. 1, each of these grooveportions has a substantially rectangular base in section. The portion 13serves as a retaining portion for the resilient annular gasket vF andthe portions 11 and 12 serve as longitudinally spaced-apartlock-mounting grooves for the end portion of a pipe member, such as A.As also illustrated in FIG. 1, the groove 12 defines a pair of opposedSharp edges 12a and 12b, while the groove 11 defines a sharp edge 11athat are employed as shear-lock edges in mounting the pipe; they receiveoutwardly-expanded portions of member A and its reinforcing ring sleeveC (see FIG. 13).

In FIG. 8, I have shown an indexing head which may carry a group offorming punches in a spaced circular relation along its face toprogressively and individually effect forming operations by turning theindexing head 15 to align the individual punches with parts beingreceived and formed. In the operation of FIG. 8, the indexing head 15 isshown having a mounting member 16 carrying a punch 17 for expanding anend portion of the pipe member A outwardly into position within thehousing body B. It will be noted that the punch 17 has a series offorwardly-stepped cylindrical portions 17b, 17C and 17d that haveprogressively decreased diameters with respect to the main body diameter17a of the punch.

In preparation for the operation of FIG. 8, the forward, doubled-underopen end portion of the housing body B is slid within the forwardopening of an angle- Shaped positionlimiting assembly 18. The assembly18 has a group of holes 18a through its vertical flange to slidablyposition it on a series of peripherally-spacedapart bolts 19. The bolts19 are secured at their threaded ends 19a on the mounting 16 to projectforwardly therefrom and slidably receive the assembly 18.

The assembly 18 is normally urged to the forward position of FIG. 8 inabutment with heads 19b of the bolts 19 by a U-shaped tension spring 20that is secured at its ends between the mounting 16 and the assembly 18.The end portion of the pipe member A that is to be mounted with respectto the housing body B may, as shown in |FIG. 8, be carried by partibleparts of a gripper 21 and moved to an aligned relation with the back endportion of the coupling body B into abutment with a position stop gauge22. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the stop 22 is raised and the punch andhousing body assembly are moved longitudinally-endwise to move the backend portion of the housing body B over the end portion of the pipemember and thus, the end portion of the pipe member within the back openend portion of the housing body 4 B and, at the same time, compressingthe spring 20 and sliding the assembly 18 to its backmost position. Thiscauses the face 17b of the punch 17 to radially-outwardly expand the endportion 28 of the pipe member A into a tight-expanded relationshipwithin the back or mounting end portion of the housing body B.

In the next step of FIG. 10, I have shown a mounting 23 which also maybe carried on the same indexing head 1S, as carrying a punch 26 that hasa forwardly-offset smaller diameter portion 26a. A reinforcing sleeve orring C is slid endwise on the portion 26a and the punch 26 is thendriven endwise or axially-longitudinally within the assembly provided bythe step of FIG. 9 and which is being held by the gripper 21, see theposition indicated in FIG. 11. This operation aligns the reinforcingsleeve C in its proper position in the expanded portion 28 of the pipemember A and with respect to the banding grooves 11 and 12.

In the operation of FIG. 12, I have shown a mounting 24 for a thirdpunch 27 on which the pipe end assembly of FIG. 11 is moved axially. Thepunch 27 has an offset cylindrical portion of smaller diameter 27a whichis employed to radially expand the reinforcing ring C, the open endportion of the pipe member A, and the open end mounting portion of thecoupling housing body outwardly together about 3 percent.

In the next step of FIG. 13, a punch of slightly larger diameterintroduced through the front end portion of the housing body B isemployed to radially-outwardly expansion-deform or displace full wallthickness portions or areas of both the forward expanded-out portion 28of the pipe member A and of the reinforcing part C into the grooves 11and 12 of the housing body B. This produces a slightly outwardly-offsetlatching-banding portion 29 in the sleeve C in alignment with the grooveportion 12. A forwardly-sloped annular shoulder or enlarged portion onthe punch is employed to turn-in end or flange edge portion 30 inalignment with the groove portion 11. In addition, an outwardly-offsetfull wall thickness portion 28a of the pipe member A is moved into thegroove portion 12 and an end or flange edge portion 28b is moved intothe groove portion 11. The edge 11a of the groove portion 11 provides alock shear edge directly' with the portion 28b of the pipe member A andindirectly with the portion 30 of the ring portion C. The opposite edges12a and 12b of the groove portion 12 provides spaced-apart lock shearedges with the portion 28a of the pipe member A and thus, indirectlywith the portion 29 of the reinforcing sleeve C. If desired, arollerexpanding or peening tool of a general type shown in the HempelPat. No. 2,898,171 or the Wallace Pat. No. 2,835,309 may be employed forproviding the portions 28a and 29.

In FIG. 14, I prefer to rst slide an annular lock nut or collar D on theend portion of an adjacent pipe member A which is to be employed as thetube or nose end part of the coupling. After this has been done, Iemploy a punch 36 carried by a mounting 35 which also may be carried onan indexing head, such as described above. The punch is driven endwiseinto the end of the pipe member A to form a radially-expanded-out openend portion 34.

In the next step illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16, a second punch 38,which is positioned on mounting 371 is used to carry a reinforcing ringor sleeve E on its end portion 38a of reduced diameter to an endwiseforced-in position within the expanded portion 34 (see FIG. 16). Forlthe third operation of FIG. 17, I have shown a punch and die assembly141, 42, and 43 secured on mounting 40 by a mounting pin 44. The punchpart 42 of the assembly has an enlarged cylindrical back portion which,as shown in FIG. 17, not only expands the reinforcing ring E into theoffset wall portion 34, but cooperates with a forwardly-grooved or stopportion 41a of die part 41 to turn-in or ange-inwardly the end or edge34a of the pipe member A. It will be noted that a re-entrant shoulder34b and the turned-in flange 34a define opposed spacedapart lockingedges for the opposite edges or ends of the ring E. This completes theforming of the tube or nose end of the coupling, except for providingmeans to retain the lock nut D in an operative position on the pipemember A.

In FIGS. 18 and 19, I have shown steps of radiallyoutwardly expanding awall area to provide annularlyaligned, radially-opposed and peripherallyspaced-apart dimples 50 in the wall thickness of the pipe member A'behind its coupling nose or tube end portion G. This means comprises aseries of substantially rectangularshaped tape keys 47 which extendradially-outwardly and have rounded lug or pin ends 47a at their extremeforward end portions which displace or form dimples 50 in the wall ofthe pipe member A. Each key 47 has a T-shaped, inclined, bottom or innerend portion 47h which is slidably-positioned in complementary slots 48acarried by a cone-shaped mandrel 48. Cooperating interlatching tongueand groove portions of the key 47 and the mandrel 48 assure a positiveendwise-slidable-guided positioning of the keys 47 with respect to themandrel 48. It will be apparent that this construction assures apositive mechanical radial-outward expansion and radial-inwardretraction of the keys 47. An end closure plate or radiallyprojectingend portion 49 is secured -by bolts 49a on the end of the mandrel 48 tolimit 4the forward advance of the keys 47 along forwardly-declining slotor groove portions 48a.

In FIG. 18, when the keys are in a forward-abutting relationship withthe plate l49, they are in their inoperative or radially-retractedpositions in which they are inserted within and removed from the openend portion of the pipe member A. The mandrel 48 is carried by a shaft51 which extends backwardly therefrom and is positively advanced andretracted by a fluid motor 52 to move the mandrel from its back positionof FIG. 18 to its forward position of FIG. 19, andv thus advance thekeys 47 along their slides into abutment with back end stop portions4811, at which time, they are in radially-expanded positions at whichthe dimples 50 are formed. Upon the completion of the dimplingoperation, the motor S2 then retracts the mandrel 48 so that theassembly may be removed.

A guide housing or Vmounting 46 is adapted, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19,to fit within the reinforcing ring E and has a forwardly-convergingcone-shaped bore 46a within which the mandrel 48 is adapted to move andby which it is limited as to its maximum forward position of FIG. 19.When the dimples S have been formed, the entire tool assembly, includingthe guide mounting 46, is withdrawn from within the nose or tube end Gof the pipe member A. It will be noted that the dimples 50 permit acertain amount of free, longitudinally-'axial movement of the couplingnut D, but at the same time, retain it in an operative position thereon,so that it is always ready for assembling the coupling. The nut D, byreason of its inturned front end flange portion 25b of smaller innerdiameter, cannot move backW-ardly past the dimples 50y andcannot moveforwardly past them by reason of the abutment of such flange portion 25bwith an annular reentrant shoulder 34b of the outwardly-expanded-outportion 34 of the pipe member A. It will be noted that the outerdiameter of the dimples 50 and of the re-entrant shoulder 3i4b isgreater than the inner diameter of the flange 25b.

As shown in lFIG. l, the coupling nut-D has a cylindrical portion 25provided with relatively coarse male threads 25a which terminate at thein-turned, llange end portion 25b. Although the nut D may normally besecured in position and loosened to assemble and disassemble thecoupling by manually gripping its rounded shoulder portion 25C, I haveshown radial holes 25d through the portion 25e within which a nail orlever pin may be inserted to facilitate its turning action, if and whendesired.

If desired, before the pipe member A is inserted within the housing bodyB, a cement such as a mastic, may be painted within the banding portion12 to insure a full fluid-seal between the parts A and B, irrespectiveof any irregularity, such as scratches. However, the forming andassembling operations are such that a highly mechanically-secure jointis provided between the parts A and B, such that they will withstand abursting pressure of about p.s.i., thus making the coupling suitable forlluid pressures of up to about 600 p.s.i. A locked, tight securedrelationship is attained irrespective of whether or not a cement is usedat the portion 12.

It will be apparent that the coupling collar or nut D may be formed froma short length tubing piece or member of cylindrical shape. Theoutwardly-projecting rounded shoulder 25C may be formed by expanding andslightly bending its back edge portion, and the in-turned forward flange25b may be formed by turning the forward edge of the piece or memberradially-inwardly. The cylindrical portion 25 may constitute theoriginal diameter of the tube member and the relatively coarse threads25a may be machined on its outer periphery to provide threads that arecomplementary with the threads 1'4 of the coupling housing body B.

With particular reference to FIG. l, the cylindrical portion 10c and theannular inwardly-projecting shoulder 10d provide a pivotal,position-retaining joint for the rounded inturned flange portion 34a ofthe nose part G, such that axial-pivotal movement is permitted betweenthe adjacent ends of the pipe members A and A that are to be connectedtogether. The construction is such that the pipe members may be tightlysecured together in an askew relationship at their adjacent ends toallow for irregular contour of the ground on which they are laid.Irrespective of whether lthe adjacent end portions of the pipe membersmaking up the joint are fully longitudinallyaxially aligned, as shown inFIG. l, or have a somewhat askew relationship, they are seecurely heldin position in a foolproof manner by my construction and with a positivesealing relationship by the gasket F.

The coupling construction of my invention is easy to install andoperate, being highly suitable for portable supply lines over land ofuneven contour. The union connection action at the joint providesflexibility and when desired a particular pipe length or section can bequickly and easily removed without disturbing the rest of the line,since each coupling assembly provides a separate break joint. There areno lugs, latches or other gadgets to break off, jam or wear, or looseparts to pick-up or assemble and become misplaced. The gasket may be ofa suitable resilient resin which is oil resistant, so that the couplingcan be used for gas and oil lines. The gasket F lits snugly within thecoupling housing body B and will not dislodge during transportation,installation or disassembly.

Employing my coupling construction, a joint can be connectedV anddisconnected in a fraction of the time required with a conventionalcoupling. Assembly is accomplished by inserting the tube end G in thecoupling housing body B and then screwing-in and tightening-down thecoupling nut D. The average assembly time for a twoman crew averages 2to l5 seconds per joint, while disassembly is even faster. The linesutilizing my coupling have been employed for temporary or semi-permanentportable lines for transporting petroleum products, gas, water, steam,compressed air, mud, etc.

The tube end G is self-centering and the cooperating nut and couplingthreads are somewhat widely spaced and coarse, so that assembly can beeffected even when the ends of the pipe members are in a somewhat askewrelationship. The coupling parts serve to reinforce the ends of the pipemembers and screw threads, welded, and nut types of joints between thecoupling parts and the pipe members are made unnecessary. Theconstruction is particularly suitable for the utilization of relativelythin-wall pipe members, in that reinforcing sleeves or collars areprovided and have a secure, mechanically-locked mounting, by reason ofthe expansion fitting provided and the use of longitudinally-opposed,offset, spaced-apart, interiitting banding wall portions between thereinforcing sleeves or rings and the end portions of the pipe members.

I claim:

1. In a simplified tool for forming expanded-out wall dimples in atubing member which comprises, a mandrel having a cone-shaped outer wallthat converges towards its forward end, a guide housing member having aforwardly-converging complementary cone-shaped inner Wallslidably-receiving and guiding said mandrel for longitudinal forward andbackward movement therein and for limiting maximum longitudinal forwardmovement of said mandrel therewithin, radially-outwardly extending keyparts operatively-positioned on said mandrel, each of said key partshaving an inclined inner wall slidably-guidably mounted on saidcone-shaped mandrel for mechanicallypositive radial-outward expansionand retraction upon forward and backward movement of said mandrel withrespect to said key par-ts, a radially-projecting end portion on aforward end of said mandrel for engagement by forward end portions ofsaid key parts to limit the maximum forward movement of said key partswith respect to said mandrel to their radially-retracted positionsthereon, said guide housing member having a forward end portion forengagement by back end portions of said key parts to positively-retainsaid key parts in an operativelyaligned relation within the tubingmember, said key parts having radially-outwardly projecting rounded pinends adapted to engage the inner wall of the tubing member and expanddimples therein when said key parts are moved from a retracted to anexpanded position on said mandrel by a forward longitudinal movement ofsaid mandrel with respect to said key parts, actuating meansoperatively-connected to said mandrel for moving it forwardly Withinsaid guide housing member to radially-outwardly expand said key partsthereon and force said pin ends outwardly to form wall dimples in thetubing member, and said actuating means being constructed to move saidmandrel backwardly within said guide housing member to retract said keyparts by moving them forwardly with respect to said mandrel intoabutment with said radiallyprojecting end portion to retract said pinends out of engagement with the tubing member after wall dimples havebeen formed therein.

2. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 1, said guide housing memberhaving an outer stop-limit portion to engage an adjacent end of thetubing member for positivelylimiting forward movement of said housingmember therewithin and `in combination with said cone-shaped inner wallfor positively-limiting the maximum forward movement of said mandrelwithin the tubing member.

3. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 1, said mandrel having backend stop means limiting the maximum forward movement of said mandrelwith respect to said key parts.

4. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 1, said -key parts and saidmandrel having cooperating tongue and groove portions forslidably-guidably posiitoning and retaining said key parts on and withrespect to said mandrel.

5. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 4, said radially-projectingend portion being an end plate removablysecured on the forward end ofsaid mandrel for retaining said key parts thereon.

6. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 2, said key parts being apair of oppositely-positioned parts, and said key parts and said mandrelhaving cooperating tongue and groove portions for slidably-guidablypositioning said key parts on said mandrel for longitudinal-endwisemovement with respect thereto.

7. In a simplified tool as defined in claim 2, each of said vkey partshaving a substantially rectangular shape and being provided with aT-shaped portion along its inclined inner wall, and said mandrel havingcooperating guide slots along its cone-shaped outer wall to receive saidT-shaped portion of a cooperating key part for longitudinal-endwisesliding movement with respect thereto.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 372,081 10/ 1887 Nebergall et al.72--392 1,719,720 7/ 1929 Olsen 72--393 1,753,005 4/ 1930 Grady `29-5072,658,550 11/ 1953 IEmshwiller 29-523 2,943,667 7/1960 Ewing et al.72-393 3,103,068 9/1963 Hinz et al. 29-523 LOWELL A. LARSON, IPrimaryExaminer

